Master, journeyman, and apprentice electricians
Electrical work is licensed in most states because errors create fire and shock hazards. Licensing is usually tiered: apprentices work under supervision while gaining hours, journeymen can perform work independently, and master electricians can supervise others and in many states pull permits. Electrical contractors, the businesses that bid and contract for work, often need a separate contractor license or registration in addition to the individual licenses held by their electricians.
In some states electrical licenses are issued by a state board or department, while in others cities and counties handle licensing. Requirements also vary by type of work, with specialty categories for residential wiring, low-voltage systems, signs, or solar installation. Before hiring, confirm both the business license and the license of the electrician who will supervise the job, because permits and inspections depend on them.
Electrical licenses are renewed on cycles set by the state or local authority, often every one to three years. Many jurisdictions require continuing education focused on changes to the National Electrical Code and on safety, because code editions are updated regularly. Contractor licenses may also require proof of insurance or a bond at renewal. Check the licensing authority for current requirements.
When comparing bids, ask each contractor who will obtain the permit and schedule the inspection. A licensed electrician should be comfortable pulling the permit in their own name. Requests to skip the permit, or to have the homeowner pull it, are common red flags. Inspections protect you, your insurer, and a future buyer of the property, and permit records often surface during a home sale or a refinance appraisal. Keep the final inspection record with your property documents. For larger projects, such as a service panel upgrade, generator, or EV charger installation, ask whether the utility must also approve the connection, and confirm who will coordinate that step before work begins.